kwin/libkwineffects/kwinglutils.cpp

/********************************************************************
 KWin - the KDE window manager
 This file is part of the KDE project.

Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Rivo Laks <rivolaks@hot.ee>
Copyright (C) 2010, 2011 Martin Gräßlin <mgraesslin@kde.org>

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*********************************************************************/

#include "kwinglutils.h"

// need to call GLTexturePrivate::initStatic()
#include "kwingltexture_p.h"

#include "kwinglcolorcorrection.h"
#include "kwineffects.h"
#include "kwinglplatform.h"
#include "logging_p.h"


#include <QPixmap>
#include <QImage>
#include <QHash>
#include <QFile>
#include <QVector2D>
#include <QVector3D>
#include <QVector4D>
#include <QMatrix4x4>
#include <QVarLengthArray>

#include <array>
#include <deque>

#include <math.h>

#if HAVE_EPOXY_GLX
#include <epoxy/glx.h>
#endif

#define DEBUG_GLRENDERTARGET 0

#define MAKE_GL_VERSION(major, minor, release)  ( ((major) << 16) | ((minor) << 8) | (release) )

#ifdef __GNUC__
#  define likely(x)   __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
#  define unlikely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
#else
#  define likely(x)   (x)
#  define unlikely(x) (x)
#endif

namespace KWin
{
// Variables
// GLX version, use MAKE_GL_VERSION() macro for comparing with a specific version
static int glXVersion;
// EGL version, use MAKE_GL_VERSION() macro for comparing with a specific version
static int eglVersion;
// List of all supported GL, EGL and GLX extensions
static QList<QByteArray> glExtensions;
static QList<QByteArray> s_glxExtensions;
static QList<QByteArray> s_eglExtensions;

int glTextureUnitsCount;


// Functions
void initGLX()
{
#if HAVE_EPOXY_GLX
    // Get GLX version
    int major, minor;
    glXQueryVersion(display(), &major, &minor);
    glXVersion = MAKE_GL_VERSION(major, minor, 0);
    // Get list of supported GLX extensions
    const QByteArray string = (const char *) glXQueryExtensionsString(display(), QX11Info::appScreen());
    s_glxExtensions = string.split(' ');
    glxResolveFunctions();
#endif
}

void initEGL()
{
    EGLDisplay dpy = eglGetCurrentDisplay();
    if (dpy == EGL_NO_DISPLAY)
        dpy = eglGetDisplay(EGL_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
    int major, minor;
    eglInitialize(dpy, &major, &minor);
    eglVersion = MAKE_GL_VERSION(major, minor, 0);
    const QByteArray string = eglQueryString(dpy, EGL_EXTENSIONS);
    s_eglExtensions = string.split(' ');
    eglResolveFunctions();
}

void initGL(OpenGLPlatformInterface platformInterface)
{
    // Get list of supported OpenGL extensions
    if (hasGLVersion(3, 0)) {
        int count;
        glGetIntegerv(GL_NUM_EXTENSIONS, &count);

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            const QByteArray name = (const char *) glGetStringi(GL_EXTENSIONS, i);
            glExtensions << name;
        }
    } else
        glExtensions = QByteArray((const char*)glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS)).split(' ');

    // handle OpenGL extensions functions
    glResolveFunctions(platformInterface);

    GLTexturePrivate::initStatic();
    GLRenderTarget::initStatic();
    GLVertexBuffer::initStatic();
}

void cleanupGL()
{
    ShaderManager::cleanup();
    GLTexturePrivate::cleanup();
    GLRenderTarget::cleanup();
    GLVertexBuffer::cleanup();
    GLPlatform::cleanup();

    glExtensions.clear();
    s_glxExtensions.clear();
    s_eglExtensions.clear();

    glXVersion = 0;
    eglVersion = 0;
    glTextureUnitsCount = 0;
}

bool hasGLVersion(int major, int minor, int release)
{
    return GLPlatform::instance()->glVersion() >= kVersionNumber(major, minor, release);
}

bool hasGLXVersion(int major, int minor, int release)
{
    return glXVersion >= MAKE_GL_VERSION(major, minor, release);
}

bool hasEGLVersion(int major, int minor, int release)
{
    return eglVersion >= MAKE_GL_VERSION(major, minor, release);
}

bool hasGLExtension(const QByteArray &extension)
{
    return glExtensions.contains(extension) || s_glxExtensions.contains(extension) || s_eglExtensions.contains(extension);
}

QList<QByteArray> eglExtensions()
{
    return s_eglExtensions;
}

QList<QByteArray> glxExtensions()
{
    return s_glxExtensions;
}

QList<QByteArray> openGLExtensions()
{
    return glExtensions;
}

static QString formatGLError(GLenum err)
{
    switch(err) {
    case GL_NO_ERROR:          return QStringLiteral("GL_NO_ERROR");
    case GL_INVALID_ENUM:      return QStringLiteral("GL_INVALID_ENUM");
    case GL_INVALID_VALUE:     return QStringLiteral("GL_INVALID_VALUE");
    case GL_INVALID_OPERATION: return QStringLiteral("GL_INVALID_OPERATION");
    case GL_STACK_OVERFLOW:    return QStringLiteral("GL_STACK_OVERFLOW");
    case GL_STACK_UNDERFLOW:   return QStringLiteral("GL_STACK_UNDERFLOW");
    case GL_OUT_OF_MEMORY:     return QStringLiteral("GL_OUT_OF_MEMORY");
    default: return QLatin1String("0x") + QString::number(err, 16);
    }
}

bool checkGLError(const char* txt)
{
    GLenum err = glGetError();
    bool hasError = false;
    while (err != GL_NO_ERROR) {
        qCWarning(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "GL error (" << txt << "): " << formatGLError(err);
        hasError = true;
        err = glGetError();
    }
    return hasError;
}

// TODO: Drop for Plasma 6, no longer needed after OpenGL 2.0
int nearestPowerOfTwo(int x)
{
    unsigned y = static_cast<unsigned>(x);

    // From Hank Warren's "Hacker's Delight", clp2() method.
    // Works for up to 32-bit integers.

    y = y - 1;
    y = y | (y >>  1);
    y = y | (y >>  2);
    y = y | (y >>  4);
    y = y | (y >>  8);
    y = y | (y >> 16);

    return static_cast<int>(y + 1);
}

//****************************************
// GLShader
//****************************************

bool GLShader::sColorCorrect = false;

GLShader::GLShader(unsigned int flags)
    : mValid(false)
    , mLocationsResolved(false)
    , mExplicitLinking(flags & ExplicitLinking)
{
    mProgram = glCreateProgram();
}

GLShader::GLShader(const QString& vertexfile, const QString& fragmentfile, unsigned int flags)
    : mValid(false)
    , mLocationsResolved(false)
    , mExplicitLinking(flags & ExplicitLinking)
{
    mProgram = glCreateProgram();
    loadFromFiles(vertexfile, fragmentfile);
}

GLShader::~GLShader()
{
    if (mProgram) {
        glDeleteProgram(mProgram);
    }
}

bool GLShader::loadFromFiles(const QString &vertexFile, const QString &fragmentFile)
{
    QFile vf(vertexFile);
    if (!vf.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
        qCCritical(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Couldn't open" << vertexFile << "for reading!";
        return false;
    }
    const QByteArray vertexSource = vf.readAll();

    QFile ff(fragmentFile);
    if (!ff.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
        qCCritical(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Couldn't open" << fragmentFile << "for reading!";
        return false;
    }
    const QByteArray fragmentSource = ff.readAll();

    return load(vertexSource, fragmentSource);
}

bool GLShader::link()
{
    // Be optimistic
    mValid = true;

    glLinkProgram(mProgram);

    // Get the program info log
    int maxLength, length;
    glGetProgramiv(mProgram, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength);

    QByteArray log(maxLength, 0);
    glGetProgramInfoLog(mProgram, maxLength, &length, log.data());

    // Make sure the program linked successfully
    int status;
    glGetProgramiv(mProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &status);

    if (status == 0) {
        qCCritical(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Failed to link shader:" << endl << log;
        mValid = false;
    } else if (length > 0) {
        qCDebug(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Shader link log:" << log;
    }

    return mValid;
}

const QByteArray GLShader::prepareSource(GLenum shaderType, const QByteArray &source) const
{
    // Prepare the source code
    QByteArray ba;
    if (GLPlatform::instance()->isGLES() && GLPlatform::instance()->glslVersion() < kVersionNumber(3, 0)) {
        ba.append("precision highp float;\n");
    }
    if (ShaderManager::instance()->isShaderDebug()) {
        ba.append("#define KWIN_SHADER_DEBUG 1\n");
    }
    ba.append(source);
    if (GLPlatform::instance()->isGLES() && GLPlatform::instance()->glslVersion() >= kVersionNumber(3, 0)) {
        ba.replace("#version 140", "#version 300 es\n\nprecision highp float;\n");
    }

    // Inject color correction code for fragment shaders, if possible
    if (shaderType == GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER && sColorCorrect)
        ba = ColorCorrection::prepareFragmentShader(ba);

    return ba;
}

bool GLShader::compile(GLuint program, GLenum shaderType, const QByteArray &source) const
{
    GLuint shader = glCreateShader(shaderType);

    QByteArray preparedSource = prepareSource(shaderType, source);
    const char* src = preparedSource.constData();
    glShaderSource(shader, 1, &src, nullptr);

    // Compile the shader
    glCompileShader(shader);

    // Get the shader info log
    int maxLength, length;
    glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength);

    QByteArray log(maxLength, 0);
    glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, maxLength, &length, log.data());

    // Check the status
    int status;
    glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &status);

    if (status == 0) {
        const char *typeName = (shaderType == GL_VERTEX_SHADER ? "vertex" : "fragment");
        qCCritical(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Failed to compile" << typeName << "shader:" << endl << log;
    } else if (length > 0)
        qCDebug(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Shader compile log:" << log;

    if (status != 0)
        glAttachShader(program, shader);

    glDeleteShader(shader);
    return status != 0;
}

bool GLShader::load(const QByteArray &vertexSource, const QByteArray &fragmentSource)
{
    // Make sure shaders are actually supported
    if (!(GLPlatform::instance()->supports(GLSL) &&
        // we lack shader branching for Texture2DRectangle everywhere - and it's probably not worth it
        GLPlatform::instance()->supports(TextureNPOT))) {
        qCCritical(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Shaders are not supported";
        return false;
    }

    mValid = false;

    // Compile the vertex shader
    if (!vertexSource.isEmpty()) {
        bool success = compile(mProgram, GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexSource);

        if (!success)
            return false;
    }

    // Compile the fragment shader
    if (!fragmentSource.isEmpty()) {
        bool success = compile(mProgram, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentSource);

        if (!success)
            return false;
    }

    if (mExplicitLinking)
        return true;

    // link() sets mValid
    return link();
}

void GLShader::bindAttributeLocation(const char *name, int index)
{
    glBindAttribLocation(mProgram, index, name);
}

void GLShader::bindFragDataLocation(const char *name, int index)
{
    if (!GLPlatform::instance()->isGLES() && (hasGLVersion(3, 0) || hasGLExtension(QByteArrayLiteral("GL_EXT_gpu_shader4"))))
        glBindFragDataLocation(mProgram, index, name);
}

void GLShader::bind()
{
    glUseProgram(mProgram);
}

void GLShader::unbind()
{
    glUseProgram(0);
}

void GLShader::resolveLocations()
{
    if (mLocationsResolved)
        return;

    mMatrixLocation[TextureMatrix]              = uniformLocation("textureMatrix");
    mMatrixLocation[ProjectionMatrix]           = uniformLocation("projection");
    mMatrixLocation[ModelViewMatrix]            = uniformLocation("modelview");
    mMatrixLocation[ModelViewProjectionMatrix]  = uniformLocation("modelViewProjectionMatrix");
    mMatrixLocation[WindowTransformation]       = uniformLocation("windowTransformation");
    mMatrixLocation[ScreenTransformation]       = uniformLocation("screenTransformation");

    mVec2Location[Offset] = uniformLocation("offset");

    mVec4Location[ModulationConstant] = uniformLocation("modulation");

    mFloatLocation[Saturation]    = uniformLocation("saturation");

    mIntLocation[ColorCorrectionLookupTextureUnit] = uniformLocation("u_ccLookupTexture");

    mColorLocation[Color] = uniformLocation("geometryColor");

    mLocationsResolved = true;
}

int GLShader::uniformLocation(const char *name)
{
    const int location = glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, name);
    return location;
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(GLShader::MatrixUniform uniform, const QMatrix4x4 &matrix)
{
    resolveLocations();
    return setUniform(mMatrixLocation[uniform], matrix);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(GLShader::Vec2Uniform uniform, const QVector2D &value)
{
    resolveLocations();
    return setUniform(mVec2Location[uniform], value);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(GLShader::Vec4Uniform uniform, const QVector4D &value)
{
    resolveLocations();
    return setUniform(mVec4Location[uniform], value);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(GLShader::FloatUniform uniform, float value)
{
    resolveLocations();
    return setUniform(mFloatLocation[uniform], value);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(GLShader::IntUniform uniform, int value)
{
    resolveLocations();
    return setUniform(mIntLocation[uniform], value);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(GLShader::ColorUniform uniform, const QVector4D &value)
{
    resolveLocations();
    return setUniform(mColorLocation[uniform], value);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(GLShader::ColorUniform uniform, const QColor &value)
{
    resolveLocations();
    return setUniform(mColorLocation[uniform], value);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(const char *name, float value)
{
    const int location = uniformLocation(name);
    return setUniform(location, value);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(const char *name, int value)
{
    const int location = uniformLocation(name);
    return setUniform(location, value);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(const char *name, const QVector2D& value)
{
    const int location = uniformLocation(name);
    return setUniform(location, value);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(const char *name, const QVector3D& value)
{
    const int location = uniformLocation(name);
    return setUniform(location, value);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(const char *name, const QVector4D& value)
{
    const int location = uniformLocation(name);
    return setUniform(location, value);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(const char *name, const QMatrix4x4& value)
{
    const int location = uniformLocation(name);
    return setUniform(location, value);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(const char *name, const QColor& color)
{
    const int location = uniformLocation(name);
    return setUniform(location, color);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(int location, float value)
{
    if (location >= 0) {
        glUniform1f(location, value);
    }
    return (location >= 0);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(int location, int value)
{
    if (location >= 0) {
        glUniform1i(location, value);
    }
    return (location >= 0);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(int location, const QVector2D &value)
{
    if (location >= 0) {
        glUniform2fv(location, 1, (const GLfloat*)&value);
    }
    return (location >= 0);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(int location, const QVector3D &value)
{
    if (location >= 0) {
        glUniform3fv(location, 1, (const GLfloat*)&value);
    }
    return (location >= 0);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(int location, const QVector4D &value)
{
    if (location >= 0) {
        glUniform4fv(location, 1, (const GLfloat*)&value);
    }
    return (location >= 0);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(int location, const QMatrix4x4 &value)
{
    if (location >= 0) {
        GLfloat m[16];
        const auto *data = value.constData();
        // i is column, j is row for m
        for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
            m[i] = data[i];
        }
        glUniformMatrix4fv(location, 1, GL_FALSE, m);
    }
    return (location >= 0);
}

bool GLShader::setUniform(int location, const QColor &color)
{
    if (location >= 0) {
        glUniform4f(location, color.redF(), color.greenF(), color.blueF(), color.alphaF());
    }
    return (location >= 0);
}

int GLShader::attributeLocation(const char* name)
{
    int location = glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, name);
    return location;
}

bool GLShader::setAttribute(const char* name, float value)
{
    int location = attributeLocation(name);
    if (location >= 0) {
        glVertexAttrib1f(location, value);
    }
    return (location >= 0);
}

QMatrix4x4 GLShader::getUniformMatrix4x4(const char* name)
{
    int location = uniformLocation(name);
    if (location >= 0) {
        GLfloat m[16];
        glGetnUniformfv(mProgram, location, sizeof(m), m);
        QMatrix4x4 matrix(m[0], m[4], m[8],  m[12],
                          m[1], m[5], m[9],  m[13],
                          m[2], m[6], m[10], m[14],
                          m[3], m[7], m[11], m[15]);
        matrix.optimize();
        return matrix;
    } else {
        return QMatrix4x4();
    }
}

//****************************************
// ShaderManager
//****************************************
ShaderManager *ShaderManager::s_shaderManager = nullptr;

ShaderManager *ShaderManager::instance()
{
    if (!s_shaderManager) {
        s_shaderManager = new ShaderManager();
    }
    return s_shaderManager;
}

void ShaderManager::cleanup()
{
    delete s_shaderManager;
    s_shaderManager = nullptr;
}

ShaderManager::ShaderManager()
{
    m_debug = qstrcmp(qgetenv("KWIN_GL_DEBUG"), "1") == 0;

    const qint64 coreVersionNumber = GLPlatform::instance()->isGLES() ? kVersionNumber(3, 0) : kVersionNumber(1, 40);
    if (GLPlatform::instance()->glslVersion() >= coreVersionNumber) {
        m_resourcePath = QStringLiteral(":/effect-shaders-1.40/");
    } else {
        m_resourcePath = QStringLiteral(":/effect-shaders-1.10/");
    }
}

ShaderManager::~ShaderManager()
{
    while (!m_boundShaders.isEmpty()) {
        popShader();
    }

    qDeleteAll(m_shaderHash);
    m_shaderHash.clear();
}

static bool fuzzyCompare(const QVector4D &lhs, const QVector4D &rhs)
{
    const float epsilon = 1.0f / 255.0f;

    return lhs[0] >= rhs[0] - epsilon && lhs[0] <= rhs[0] + epsilon &&
           lhs[1] >= rhs[1] - epsilon && lhs[1] <= rhs[1] + epsilon &&
           lhs[2] >= rhs[2] - epsilon && lhs[2] <= rhs[2] + epsilon &&
           lhs[3] >= rhs[3] - epsilon && lhs[3] <= rhs[3] + epsilon;
}

static bool checkPixel(int x, int y, const QVector4D &expected, const char *file, int line)
{
    uint8_t data[4];
    glReadnPixels(x, y, 1, 1, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 4, data);

    const QVector4D pixel{data[0] / 255.f, data[1] / 255.f, data[2] / 255.f, data[3] / 255.f};

    if (fuzzyCompare(pixel, expected))
        return true;

    QMessageLogger(file, line, nullptr).warning() << "Pixel was" << pixel << "expected" << expected;
    return false;
}

#define CHECK_PIXEL(x, y, expected) \
    checkPixel(x, y, expected, __FILE__, __LINE__)

static QVector4D adjustSaturation(const QVector4D &color, float saturation)
{
    const float gray = QVector3D::dotProduct(color.toVector3D(), {0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722});
    return QVector4D{gray, gray, gray, color.w()} * (1.0f - saturation) + color * saturation;
}

bool ShaderManager::selfTest()
{
    bool pass = true;

    if (!GLRenderTarget::supported()) {
        qCWarning(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Framebuffer objects not supported - skipping shader tests";
        return true;
    }
    if (GLPlatform::instance()->isNvidia() && GLPlatform::instance()->glRendererString().contains("Quadro")) {
        qCWarning(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Skipping self test as it is reported to return false positive results on Quadro hardware";
        return true;
    }

    // Create the source texture
    QImage image(2, 2, QImage::Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied);
    image.setPixel(0, 0, 0xffff0000); // Red
    image.setPixel(1, 0, 0xff00ff00); // Green
    image.setPixel(0, 1, 0xff0000ff); // Blue
    image.setPixel(1, 1, 0xffffffff); // White

    GLTexture src(image);
    src.setFilter(GL_NEAREST);

    // Create the render target
    GLTexture dst(GL_RGBA8, 32, 32);

    GLRenderTarget fbo(dst);
    GLRenderTarget::pushRenderTarget(&fbo);

    // Set up the vertex buffer
    GLVertexBuffer *vbo = GLVertexBuffer::streamingBuffer();

    const GLVertexAttrib attribs[] {
        { VA_Position, 2, GL_FLOAT, offsetof(GLVertex2D, position) },
        { VA_TexCoord, 2, GL_FLOAT, offsetof(GLVertex2D, texcoord) },
    };

    vbo->setAttribLayout(attribs, 2, sizeof(GLVertex2D));

    GLVertex2D *verts = (GLVertex2D*) vbo->map(6 * sizeof(GLVertex2D));
    verts[0] = GLVertex2D{{0,   0}, {0, 0}}; // Top left
    verts[1] = GLVertex2D{{0,  32}, {0, 1}}; // Bottom left
    verts[2] = GLVertex2D{{32,  0}, {1, 0}}; // Top right

    verts[3] = GLVertex2D{{32,  0}, {1, 0}}; // Top right
    verts[4] = GLVertex2D{{0,  32}, {0, 1}}; // Bottom left
    verts[5] = GLVertex2D{{32, 32}, {1, 1}}; // Bottom right
    vbo->unmap();

    vbo->bindArrays();

    glViewport(0, 0, 32, 32);
    glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0);

    // Set up the projection matrix
    QMatrix4x4 matrix;
    matrix.ortho(QRect(0, 0, 32, 32));

    // Bind the source texture
    src.bind();

    const QVector4D red   {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
    const QVector4D green {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
    const QVector4D blue  {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};
    const QVector4D white {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};

    // Note: To see the line number in error messages, set
    //       QT_MESSAGE_PATTERN="%{message} (%{file}:%{line})"

    // Test solid color
    GLShader *shader = pushShader(ShaderTrait::UniformColor);
    if (shader->isValid()) {
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        shader->setUniform(GLShader::ModelViewProjectionMatrix, matrix);
        shader->setUniform(GLShader::Color, green);
        vbo->draw(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);

        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(8,  24, green) && pass;
        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(24, 24, green) && pass;
        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(8,   8, green) && pass;
        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(24,  8, green) && pass;
    } else {
        pass = false;
    }
    popShader();

    // Test texture mapping
    shader = pushShader(ShaderTrait::MapTexture);
    if (shader->isValid()) {
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        shader->setUniform(GLShader::ModelViewProjectionMatrix, matrix);
        vbo->draw(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);

        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(8,  24, red)   && pass;
        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(24, 24, green) && pass;
        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(8,   8, blue)  && pass;
        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(24,  8, white) && pass;
    } else {
        pass = false;
    }
    popShader();

    // Test saturation filter
    shader = pushShader(ShaderTrait::MapTexture | ShaderTrait::AdjustSaturation);
    if (shader->isValid()) {
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        const float saturation = .3;

        shader->setUniform(GLShader::ModelViewProjectionMatrix, matrix);
        shader->setUniform(GLShader::Saturation, saturation);
        vbo->draw(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);

        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(8,  24, adjustSaturation(red,   saturation)) && pass;
        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(24, 24, adjustSaturation(green, saturation)) && pass;
        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(8,  8,  adjustSaturation(blue,  saturation)) && pass;
        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(24, 8,  adjustSaturation(white, saturation)) && pass;
    } else {
        pass = false;
    }
    popShader();

    // Test modulation filter
    shader = pushShader(ShaderTrait::MapTexture | ShaderTrait::Modulate);
    if (shader->isValid()) {
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        const QVector4D modulation{.3f, .4f, .5f, .6f};

        shader->setUniform(GLShader::ModelViewProjectionMatrix, matrix);
        shader->setUniform(GLShader::ModulationConstant, modulation);
        vbo->draw(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);

        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(8,  24, red   * modulation) && pass;
        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(24, 24, green * modulation) && pass;
        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(8,   8, blue  * modulation) && pass;
        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(24,  8, white * modulation) && pass;
    } else {
        pass = false;
    }
    popShader();

    // Test saturation + modulation
    shader = pushShader(ShaderTrait::MapTexture | ShaderTrait::AdjustSaturation | ShaderTrait::Modulate);
    if (shader->isValid()) {
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        const QVector4D modulation{.3f, .4f, .5f, .6f};
        const float saturation = .3;

        shader->setUniform(GLShader::ModelViewProjectionMatrix, matrix);
        shader->setUniform(GLShader::ModulationConstant, modulation);
        shader->setUniform(GLShader::Saturation, saturation);
        vbo->draw(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);

        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(8,  24, adjustSaturation(red   * modulation, saturation)) && pass;
        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(24, 24, adjustSaturation(green * modulation, saturation)) && pass;
        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(8,  8,  adjustSaturation(blue  * modulation, saturation)) && pass;
        pass = CHECK_PIXEL(24, 8,  adjustSaturation(white * modulation, saturation)) && pass;
    } else {
        pass = false;
    }
    popShader();

    vbo->unbindArrays();
    GLRenderTarget::popRenderTarget();

    return pass;
}

QByteArray ShaderManager::generateVertexSource(ShaderTraits traits) const
{
    QByteArray source;
    QTextStream stream(&source);

    GLPlatform * const gl = GLPlatform::instance();
    QByteArray attribute, varying;

    if (!gl->isGLES()) {
        const bool glsl_140 = gl->glslVersion() >= kVersionNumber(1, 40);

        attribute = glsl_140 ? QByteArrayLiteral("in")  : QByteArrayLiteral("attribute");
        varying   = glsl_140 ? QByteArrayLiteral("out") : QByteArrayLiteral("varying");

        if (glsl_140)
            stream << "#version 140\n\n";
    } else {
        const bool glsl_es_300 = gl->glslVersion() >= kVersionNumber(3, 0);

        attribute = glsl_es_300 ? QByteArrayLiteral("in")  : QByteArrayLiteral("attribute");
        varying   = glsl_es_300 ? QByteArrayLiteral("out") : QByteArrayLiteral("varying");

        if (glsl_es_300)
            stream << "#version 300 es\n\n";
    }

    stream << attribute << " vec4 position;\n";
    if (traits & ShaderTrait::MapTexture) {
        stream << attribute << " vec4 texcoord;\n\n";
        stream << varying << " vec2 texcoord0;\n\n";
    } else
        stream << "\n";

    stream << "uniform mat4 modelViewProjectionMatrix;\n\n";

    stream << "void main()\n{\n";
    if (traits & ShaderTrait::MapTexture)
        stream << "    texcoord0 = texcoord.st;\n";

    stream << "    gl_Position = modelViewProjectionMatrix * position;\n";
    stream << "}\n";

    stream.flush();
    return source;
}

QByteArray ShaderManager::generateFragmentSource(ShaderTraits traits) const
{
    QByteArray source;
    QTextStream stream(&source);

    GLPlatform * const gl = GLPlatform::instance();
    QByteArray varying, output, textureLookup;

    if (!gl->isGLES()) {
        const bool glsl_140 = gl->glslVersion() >= kVersionNumber(1, 40);

        if (glsl_140)
            stream << "#version 140\n\n";

        varying       = glsl_140 ? QByteArrayLiteral("in")         : QByteArrayLiteral("varying");
        textureLookup = glsl_140 ? QByteArrayLiteral("texture")    : QByteArrayLiteral("texture2D");
        output        = glsl_140 ? QByteArrayLiteral("fragColor")  : QByteArrayLiteral("gl_FragColor");
    } else {
        const bool glsl_es_300 = GLPlatform::instance()->glslVersion() >= kVersionNumber(3, 0);

        if (glsl_es_300)
            stream << "#version 300 es\n\n";

        // From the GLSL ES specification:
        //
        //     "The fragment language has no default precision qualifier for floating point types."
        stream << "precision highp float;\n\n";

        varying       = glsl_es_300 ? QByteArrayLiteral("in")         : QByteArrayLiteral("varying");
        textureLookup = glsl_es_300 ? QByteArrayLiteral("texture")    : QByteArrayLiteral("texture2D");
        output        = glsl_es_300 ? QByteArrayLiteral("fragColor")  : QByteArrayLiteral("gl_FragColor");
    }

    if (traits & ShaderTrait::MapTexture) {
        stream << "uniform sampler2D sampler;\n";

        if (traits & ShaderTrait::Modulate)
            stream << "uniform vec4 modulation;\n";
        if (traits & ShaderTrait::AdjustSaturation)
            stream << "uniform float saturation;\n";

        stream << "\n" << varying << " vec2 texcoord0;\n";

    } else if (traits & ShaderTrait::UniformColor)
        stream << "uniform vec4 geometryColor;\n";

    if (output != QByteArrayLiteral("gl_FragColor"))
        stream << "\nout vec4 " << output << ";\n";

    stream << "\nvoid main(void)\n{\n";
    if (traits & ShaderTrait::MapTexture) {
        if (traits & (ShaderTrait::Modulate | ShaderTrait::AdjustSaturation)) {
            stream << "    vec4 texel = " << textureLookup << "(sampler, texcoord0);\n";

            if (traits & ShaderTrait::Modulate)
                stream << "    texel *= modulation;\n";
            if (traits & ShaderTrait::AdjustSaturation)
                stream << "    texel.rgb = mix(vec3(dot(texel.rgb, vec3(0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722))), texel.rgb, saturation);\n";

            stream << "    " << output << " = texel;\n";
        } else {
            stream << "    " << output << " = " << textureLookup << "(sampler, texcoord0);\n";
        }
    } else if (traits & ShaderTrait::UniformColor)
        stream << "    " << output << " = geometryColor;\n";

    stream << "}";
    stream.flush();
    return source;
}

GLShader *ShaderManager::generateShader(ShaderTraits traits)
{
    return generateCustomShader(traits);
}

GLShader *ShaderManager::generateCustomShader(ShaderTraits traits, const QByteArray &vertexSource, const QByteArray &fragmentSource)
{
    const QByteArray vertex   = vertexSource.isEmpty() ? generateVertexSource(traits) : vertexSource;
    const QByteArray fragment = fragmentSource.isEmpty() ? generateFragmentSource(traits) : fragmentSource;

#if 0
    qCDebug(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "**************";
    qCDebug(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << vertex;
    qCDebug(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "**************";
    qCDebug(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << fragment;
    qCDebug(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "**************";
#endif

    GLShader *shader = new GLShader(GLShader::ExplicitLinking);
    shader->load(vertex, fragment);

    shader->bindAttributeLocation("position", VA_Position);
    shader->bindAttributeLocation("texcoord", VA_TexCoord);
    shader->bindFragDataLocation("fragColor", 0);

    shader->link();
    return shader;
}

GLShader *ShaderManager::generateShaderFromResources(ShaderTraits traits, const QString &vertexFile, const QString &fragmentFile)
{
    auto loadShaderFile = [this] (const QString &fileName) {
        QFile file(m_resourcePath + fileName);
        if (file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
            return file.readAll();
        }
        qCCritical(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Failed to read shader " << fileName;
        return QByteArray();
    };
    QByteArray vertexSource;
    QByteArray fragmentSource;
    if (!vertexFile.isEmpty()) {
        vertexSource = loadShaderFile(vertexFile);
        if (vertexSource.isEmpty()) {
            return new GLShader();
        }
    }
    if (!fragmentFile.isEmpty()) {
        fragmentSource = loadShaderFile(fragmentFile);
        if (fragmentSource.isEmpty()) {
            return new GLShader();
        }
    }
    return generateCustomShader(traits, vertexSource, fragmentSource);
}

GLShader *ShaderManager::shader(ShaderTraits traits)
{
    GLShader *shader = m_shaderHash.value(traits);

    if (!shader) {
        shader = generateShader(traits);
        m_shaderHash.insert(traits, shader);
    }

    return shader;
}

GLShader *ShaderManager::getBoundShader() const
{
    if (m_boundShaders.isEmpty()) {
        return nullptr;
    } else {
        return m_boundShaders.top();
    }
}

bool ShaderManager::isShaderBound() const
{
    return !m_boundShaders.isEmpty();
}

bool ShaderManager::isShaderDebug() const
{
    return m_debug;
}

GLShader *ShaderManager::pushShader(ShaderTraits traits)
{
    GLShader *shader = this->shader(traits);
    pushShader(shader);
    return shader;
}


void ShaderManager::pushShader(GLShader *shader)
{
    // only bind shader if it is not already bound
    if (shader != getBoundShader()) {
        shader->bind();
    }
    m_boundShaders.push(shader);
}

void ShaderManager::popShader()
{
    if (m_boundShaders.isEmpty()) {
        return;
    }
    GLShader *shader = m_boundShaders.pop();
    if (m_boundShaders.isEmpty()) {
        // no more shader bound - unbind
        shader->unbind();
    } else if (shader != m_boundShaders.top()) {
        // only rebind if a different shader is on top of stack
        m_boundShaders.top()->bind();
    }
}

void ShaderManager::bindFragDataLocations(GLShader *shader)
{
    shader->bindFragDataLocation("fragColor", 0);
}

void ShaderManager::bindAttributeLocations(GLShader *shader) const
{
    shader->bindAttributeLocation("vertex",   VA_Position);
    shader->bindAttributeLocation("texCoord", VA_TexCoord);
}

GLShader *ShaderManager::loadShaderFromCode(const QByteArray &vertexSource, const QByteArray &fragmentSource)
{
    GLShader *shader = new GLShader(GLShader::ExplicitLinking);
    shader->load(vertexSource, fragmentSource);
    bindAttributeLocations(shader);
    bindFragDataLocations(shader);
    shader->link();
    return shader;
}

/***  GLRenderTarget  ***/
bool GLRenderTarget::sSupported = false;
bool GLRenderTarget::s_blitSupported = false;
QStack<GLRenderTarget*> GLRenderTarget::s_renderTargets = QStack<GLRenderTarget*>();
QSize GLRenderTarget::s_virtualScreenSize;

void GLRenderTarget::initStatic()
{
    if (GLPlatform::instance()->isGLES()) {
        sSupported = true;
        s_blitSupported = hasGLVersion(3, 0);
    } else {
        sSupported = hasGLVersion(3, 0) ||
            hasGLExtension(QByteArrayLiteral("GL_ARB_framebuffer_object")) ||
            hasGLExtension(QByteArrayLiteral("GL_EXT_framebuffer_object"));

        s_blitSupported = hasGLVersion(3, 0) ||
            hasGLExtension(QByteArrayLiteral("GL_ARB_framebuffer_object")) ||
            hasGLExtension(QByteArrayLiteral("GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit"));
    }
}

void GLRenderTarget::cleanup()
{
    Q_ASSERT(s_renderTargets.isEmpty());
    sSupported = false;
    s_blitSupported = false;
}

bool GLRenderTarget::isRenderTargetBound()
{
    return !s_renderTargets.isEmpty();
}

bool GLRenderTarget::blitSupported()
{
    return s_blitSupported;
}

void GLRenderTarget::pushRenderTarget(GLRenderTarget* target)
{
    target->enable();
    s_renderTargets.push(target);
}

GLRenderTarget* GLRenderTarget::popRenderTarget()
{
    GLRenderTarget* ret = s_renderTargets.pop();
    ret->disable();

    if (!s_renderTargets.isEmpty()) {
        s_renderTargets.top()->enable();
    } else {
        glViewport (0, 0, s_virtualScreenSize.width(), s_virtualScreenSize.height());
    }

    return ret;
}

GLRenderTarget::GLRenderTarget(const GLTexture& color)
{
    // Reset variables
    mValid = false;

    mTexture = color;

    // Make sure FBO is supported
    if (sSupported && !mTexture.isNull()) {
        initFBO();
    } else
        qCCritical(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Render targets aren't supported!";
}

GLRenderTarget::~GLRenderTarget()
{
    if (mValid) {
        glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &mFramebuffer);
    }
}

bool GLRenderTarget::enable()
{
    if (!valid()) {
        qCCritical(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Can't enable invalid render target!";
        return false;
    }

    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, mFramebuffer);
    glViewport(0, 0, mTexture.width(), mTexture.height());
    mTexture.setDirty();

    return true;
}

bool GLRenderTarget::disable()
{
    if (!valid()) {
        qCCritical(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Can't disable invalid render target!";
        return false;
    }

    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
    mTexture.setDirty();

    return true;
}

static QString formatFramebufferStatus(GLenum status)
{
    switch(status) {
    case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_ATTACHMENT:
        // An attachment is the wrong type / is invalid / has 0 width or height
        return QStringLiteral("GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_ATTACHMENT");
    case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_MISSING_ATTACHMENT:
        // There are no images attached to the framebuffer
        return QStringLiteral("GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_MISSING_ATTACHMENT");
    case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED:
        // A format or the combination of formats of the attachments is unsupported
        return QStringLiteral("GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED");
    case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_DIMENSIONS_EXT:
        // Not all attached images have the same width and height
        return QStringLiteral("GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_DIMENSIONS_EXT");
    case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_FORMATS_EXT:
        // The color attachments don't have the same format
        return QStringLiteral("GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_FORMATS_EXT");
    case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_MULTISAMPLE_EXT:
        // The attachments don't have the same number of samples
        return QStringLiteral("GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_MULTISAMPLE");
    case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_DRAW_BUFFER_EXT:
        // The draw buffer is missing
        return QStringLiteral("GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_DRAW_BUFFER");
    case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_READ_BUFFER_EXT:
        // The read buffer is missing
        return QStringLiteral("GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_READ_BUFFER");
    default:
        return QStringLiteral("Unknown (0x") + QString::number(status, 16) + QStringLiteral(")");
    }
}

void GLRenderTarget::initFBO()
{
#if DEBUG_GLRENDERTARGET
    GLenum err = glGetError();
    if (err != GL_NO_ERROR)
        qCCritical(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Error status when entering GLRenderTarget::initFBO: " << formatGLError(err);
#endif

    glGenFramebuffers(1, &mFramebuffer);

#if DEBUG_GLRENDERTARGET
    if ((err = glGetError()) != GL_NO_ERROR) {
        qCCritical(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "glGenFramebuffers failed: " << formatGLError(err);
        return;
    }
#endif

    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, mFramebuffer);

#if DEBUG_GLRENDERTARGET
    if ((err = glGetError()) != GL_NO_ERROR) {
        qCCritical(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "glBindFramebuffer failed: " << formatGLError(err);
        glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &mFramebuffer);
        return;
    }
#endif

    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
                           mTexture.target(), mTexture.texture(), 0);

#if DEBUG_GLRENDERTARGET
    if ((err = glGetError()) != GL_NO_ERROR) {
        qCCritical(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "glFramebufferTexture2D failed: " << formatGLError(err);
        glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
        glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &mFramebuffer);
        return;
    }
#endif

    const GLenum status = glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER);

    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);

    if (status != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
        // We have an incomplete framebuffer, consider it invalid
        if (status == 0)
            qCCritical(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "glCheckFramebufferStatus failed: " << formatGLError(glGetError());
        else
            qCCritical(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Invalid framebuffer status: " << formatFramebufferStatus(status);
        glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &mFramebuffer);
        return;
    }

    mValid = true;
}

void GLRenderTarget::blitFromFramebuffer(const QRect &source, const QRect &destination, GLenum filter)
{
    if (!GLRenderTarget::blitSupported()) {
        return;
    }
    GLRenderTarget::pushRenderTarget(this);
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, mFramebuffer);
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
    const QRect s = source.isNull() ? QRect(0, 0, s_virtualScreenSize.width(), s_virtualScreenSize.height()) : source;
    const QRect d = destination.isNull() ? QRect(0, 0, mTexture.width(), mTexture.height()) : destination;

    glBlitFramebuffer(s.x(), s_virtualScreenSize.height() - s.y() - s.height(), s.x() + s.width(), s_virtualScreenSize.height() - s.y(),
                      d.x(), mTexture.height() - d.y() - d.height(), d.x() + d.width(), mTexture.height() - d.y(),
                      GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, filter);
    GLRenderTarget::popRenderTarget();
}

void GLRenderTarget::attachTexture(const GLTexture& target)
{
    if (!mValid || mTexture.texture() == target.texture()) {
        return;
    }

    pushRenderTarget(this);

    mTexture = target;
    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
                           mTexture.target(), mTexture.texture(), 0);

    popRenderTarget();
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------

static const uint16_t indices[] = {
        1,    0,    3,    3,    2,    1,    5,    4,    7,    7,    6,    5,    9,    8,   11,   11,   10,    9,
       13,   12,   15,   15,   14,   13,   17,   16,   19,   19,   18,   17,   21,   20,   23,   23,   22,   21,
       25,   24,   27,   27,   26,   25,   29,   28,   31,   31,   30,   29,   33,   32,   35,   35,   34,   33,
       37,   36,   39,   39,   38,   37,   41,   40,   43,   43,   42,   41,   45,   44,   47,   47,   46,   45,
       49,   48,   51,   51,   50,   49,   53,   52,   55,   55,   54,   53,   57,   56,   59,   59,   58,   57,
       61,   60,   63,   63,   62,   61,   65,   64,   67,   67,   66,   65,   69,   68,   71,   71,   70,   69,
       73,   72,   75,   75,   74,   73,   77,   76,   79,   79,   78,   77,   81,   80,   83,   83,   82,   81,
       85,   84,   87,   87,   86,   85,   89,   88,   91,   91,   90,   89,   93,   92,   95,   95,   94,   93,
       97,   96,   99,   99,   98,   97,  101,  100,  103,  103,  102,  101,  105,  104,  107,  107,  106,  105,
      109,  108,  111,  111,  110,  109,  113,  112,  115,  115,  114,  113,  117,  116,  119,  119,  118,  117,
      121,  120,  123,  123,  122,  121,  125,  124,  127,  127,  126,  125,  129,  128,  131,  131,  130,  129,
      133,  132,  135,  135,  134,  133,  137,  136,  139,  139,  138,  137,  141,  140,  143,  143,  142,  141,
      145,  144,  147,  147,  146,  145,  149,  148,  151,  151,  150,  149,  153,  152,  155,  155,  154,  153,
      157,  156,  159,  159,  158,  157,  161,  160,  163,  163,  162,  161,  165,  164,  167,  167,  166,  165,
      169,  168,  171,  171,  170,  169,  173,  172,  175,  175,  174,  173,  177,  176,  179,  179,  178,  177,
      181,  180,  183,  183,  182,  181,  185,  184,  187,  187,  186,  185,  189,  188,  191,  191,  190,  189,
      193,  192,  195,  195,  194,  193,  197,  196,  199,  199,  198,  197,  201,  200,  203,  203,  202,  201,
      205,  204,  207,  207,  206,  205,  209,  208,  211,  211,  210,  209,  213,  212,  215,  215,  214,  213,
      217,  216,  219,  219,  218,  217,  221,  220,  223,  223,  222,  221,  225,  224,  227,  227,  226,  225,
      229,  228,  231,  231,  230,  229,  233,  232,  235,  235,  234,  233,  237,  236,  239,  239,  238,  237,
      241,  240,  243,  243,  242,  241,  245,  244,  247,  247,  246,  245,  249,  248,  251,  251,  250,  249,
      253,  252,  255,  255,  254,  253,  257,  256,  259,  259,  258,  257,  261,  260,  263,  263,  262,  261,
      265,  264,  267,  267,  266,  265,  269,  268,  271,  271,  270,  269,  273,  272,  275,  275,  274,  273,
      277,  276,  279,  279,  278,  277,  281,  280,  283,  283,  282,  281,  285,  284,  287,  287,  286,  285,
      289,  288,  291,  291,  290,  289,  293,  292,  295,  295,  294,  293,  297,  296,  299,  299,  298,  297,
      301,  300,  303,  303,  302,  301,  305,  304,  307,  307,  306,  305,  309,  308,  311,  311,  310,  309,
      313,  312,  315,  315,  314,  313,  317,  316,  319,  319,  318,  317,  321,  320,  323,  323,  322,  321,
      325,  324,  327,  327,  326,  325,  329,  328,  331,  331,  330,  329,  333,  332,  335,  335,  334,  333,
      337,  336,  339,  339,  338,  337,  341,  340,  343,  343,  342,  341,  345,  344,  347,  347,  346,  345,
      349,  348,  351,  351,  350,  349,  353,  352,  355,  355,  354,  353,  357,  356,  359,  359,  358,  357,
      361,  360,  363,  363,  362,  361,  365,  364,  367,  367,  366,  365,  369,  368,  371,  371,  370,  369,
      373,  372,  375,  375,  374,  373,  377,  376,  379,  379,  378,  377,  381,  380,  383,  383,  382,  381,
      385,  384,  387,  387,  386,  385,  389,  388,  391,  391,  390,  389,  393,  392,  395,  395,  394,  393,
      397,  396,  399,  399,  398,  397,  401,  400,  403,  403,  402,  401,  405,  404,  407,  407,  406,  405,
      409,  408,  411,  411,  410,  409,  413,  412,  415,  415,  414,  413,  417,  416,  419,  419,  418,  417,
      421,  420,  423,  423,  422,  421,  425,  424,  427,  427,  426,  425,  429,  428,  431,  431,  430,  429,
      433,  432,  435,  435,  434,  433,  437,  436,  439,  439,  438,  437,  441,  440,  443,  443,  442,  441,
      445,  444,  447,  447,  446,  445,  449,  448,  451,  451,  450,  449,  453,  452,  455,  455,  454,  453,
      457,  456,  459,  459,  458,  457,  461,  460,  463,  463,  462,  461,  465,  464,  467,  467,  466,  465,
      469,  468,  471,  471,  470,  469,  473,  472,  475,  475,  474,  473,  477,  476,  479,  479,  478,  477,
      481,  480,  483,  483,  482,  481,  485,  484,  487,  487,  486,  485,  489,  488,  491,  491,  490,  489,
      493,  492,  495,  495,  494,  493,  497,  496,  499,  499,  498,  497,  501,  500,  503,  503,  502,  501,
      505,  504,  507,  507,  506,  505,  509,  508,  511,  511,  510,  509,  513,  512,  515,  515,  514,  513,
      517,  516,  519,  519,  518,  517,  521,  520,  523,  523,  522,  521,  525,  524,  527,  527,  526,  525,
      529,  528,  531,  531,  530,  529,  533,  532,  535,  535,  534,  533,  537,  536,  539,  539,  538,  537,
      541,  540,  543,  543,  542,  541,  545,  544,  547,  547,  546,  545,  549,  548,  551,  551,  550,  549,
      553,  552,  555,  555,  554,  553,  557,  556,  559,  559,  558,  557,  561,  560,  563,  563,  562,  561,
      565,  564,  567,  567,  566,  565,  569,  568,  571,  571,  570,  569,  573,  572,  575,  575,  574,  573,
      577,  576,  579,  579,  578,  577,  581,  580,  583,  583,  582,  581,  585,  584,  587,  587,  586,  585,
      589,  588,  591,  591,  590,  589,  593,  592,  595,  595,  594,  593,  597,  596,  599,  599,  598,  597,
      601,  600,  603,  603,  602,  601,  605,  604,  607,  607,  606,  605,  609,  608,  611,  611,  610,  609,
      613,  612,  615,  615,  614,  613,  617,  616,  619,  619,  618,  617,  621,  620,  623,  623,  622,  621,
      625,  624,  627,  627,  626,  625,  629,  628,  631,  631,  630,  629,  633,  632,  635,  635,  634,  633,
      637,  636,  639,  639,  638,  637,  641,  640,  643,  643,  642,  641,  645,  644,  647,  647,  646,  645,
      649,  648,  651,  651,  650,  649,  653,  652,  655,  655,  654,  653,  657,  656,  659,  659,  658,  657,
      661,  660,  663,  663,  662,  661,  665,  664,  667,  667,  666,  665,  669,  668,  671,  671,  670,  669,
      673,  672,  675,  675,  674,  673,  677,  676,  679,  679,  678,  677,  681,  680,  683,  683,  682,  681,
      685,  684,  687,  687,  686,  685,  689,  688,  691,  691,  690,  689,  693,  692,  695,  695,  694,  693,
      697,  696,  699,  699,  698,  697,  701,  700,  703,  703,  702,  701,  705,  704,  707,  707,  706,  705,
      709,  708,  711,  711,  710,  709,  713,  712,  715,  715,  714,  713,  717,  716,  719,  719,  718,  717,
      721,  720,  723,  723,  722,  721,  725,  724,  727,  727,  726,  725,  729,  728,  731,  731,  730,  729,
      733,  732,  735,  735,  734,  733,  737,  736,  739,  739,  738,  737,  741,  740,  743,  743,  742,  741,
      745,  744,  747,  747,  746,  745,  749,  748,  751,  751,  750,  749,  753,  752,  755,  755,  754,  753,
      757,  756,  759,  759,  758,  757,  761,  760,  763,  763,  762,  761,  765,  764,  767,  767,  766,  765,
      769,  768,  771,  771,  770,  769,  773,  772,  775,  775,  774,  773,  777,  776,  779,  779,  778,  777,
      781,  780,  783,  783,  782,  781,  785,  784,  787,  787,  786,  785,  789,  788,  791,  791,  790,  789,
      793,  792,  795,  795,  794,  793,  797,  796,  799,  799,  798,  797,  801,  800,  803,  803,  802,  801,
      805,  804,  807,  807,  806,  805,  809,  808,  811,  811,  810,  809,  813,  812,  815,  815,  814,  813,
      817,  816,  819,  819,  818,  817,  821,  820,  823,  823,  822,  821,  825,  824,  827,  827,  826,  825,
      829,  828,  831,  831,  830,  829,  833,  832,  835,  835,  834,  833,  837,  836,  839,  839,  838,  837,
      841,  840,  843,  843,  842,  841,  845,  844,  847,  847,  846,  845,  849,  848,  851,  851,  850,  849,
      853,  852,  855,  855,  854,  853,  857,  856,  859,  859,  858,  857,  861,  860,  863,  863,  862,  861,
      865,  864,  867,  867,  866,  865,  869,  868,  871,  871,  870,  869,  873,  872,  875,  875,  874,  873,
      877,  876,  879,  879,  878,  877,  881,  880,  883,  883,  882,  881,  885,  884,  887,  887,  886,  885,
      889,  888,  891,  891,  890,  889,  893,  892,  895,  895,  894,  893,  897,  896,  899,  899,  898,  897,
      901,  900,  903,  903,  902,  901,  905,  904,  907,  907,  906,  905,  909,  908,  911,  911,  910,  909,
      913,  912,  915,  915,  914,  913,  917,  916,  919,  919,  918,  917,  921,  920,  923,  923,  922,  921,
      925,  924,  927,  927,  926,  925,  929,  928,  931,  931,  930,  929,  933,  932,  935,  935,  934,  933,
      937,  936,  939,  939,  938,  937,  941,  940,  943,  943,  942,  941,  945,  944,  947,  947,  946,  945,
      949,  948,  951,  951,  950,  949,  953,  952,  955,  955,  954,  953,  957,  956,  959,  959,  958,  957,
      961,  960,  963,  963,  962,  961,  965,  964,  967,  967,  966,  965,  969,  968,  971,  971,  970,  969,
      973,  972,  975,  975,  974,  973,  977,  976,  979,  979,  978,  977,  981,  980,  983,  983,  982,  981,
      985,  984,  987,  987,  986,  985,  989,  988,  991,  991,  990,  989,  993,  992,  995,  995,  994,  993,
      997,  996,  999,  999,  998,  997, 1001, 1000, 1003, 1003, 1002, 1001, 1005, 1004, 1007, 1007, 1006, 1005,
     1009, 1008, 1011, 1011, 1010, 1009, 1013, 1012, 1015, 1015, 1014, 1013, 1017, 1016, 1019, 1019, 1018, 1017,
     1021, 1020, 1023, 1023, 1022, 1021, 1025, 1024, 1027, 1027, 1026, 1025, 1029, 1028, 1031, 1031, 1030, 1029,
     1033, 1032, 1035, 1035, 1034, 1033, 1037, 1036, 1039, 1039, 1038, 1037, 1041, 1040, 1043, 1043, 1042, 1041,
     1045, 1044, 1047, 1047, 1046, 1045, 1049, 1048, 1051, 1051, 1050, 1049, 1053, 1052, 1055, 1055, 1054, 1053,
     1057, 1056, 1059, 1059, 1058, 1057, 1061, 1060, 1063, 1063, 1062, 1061, 1065, 1064, 1067, 1067, 1066, 1065,
     1069, 1068, 1071, 1071, 1070, 1069, 1073, 1072, 1075, 1075, 1074, 1073, 1077, 1076, 1079, 1079, 1078, 1077,
     1081, 1080, 1083, 1083, 1082, 1081, 1085, 1084, 1087, 1087, 1086, 1085, 1089, 1088, 1091, 1091, 1090, 1089,
     1093, 1092, 1095, 1095, 1094, 1093, 1097, 1096, 1099, 1099, 1098, 1097, 1101, 1100, 1103, 1103, 1102, 1101,
     1105, 1104, 1107, 1107, 1106, 1105, 1109, 1108, 1111, 1111, 1110, 1109, 1113, 1112, 1115, 1115, 1114, 1113,
     1117, 1116, 1119, 1119, 1118, 1117, 1121, 1120, 1123, 1123, 1122, 1121, 1125, 1124, 1127, 1127, 1126, 1125,
     1129, 1128, 1131, 1131, 1130, 1129, 1133, 1132, 1135, 1135, 1134, 1133, 1137, 1136, 1139, 1139, 1138, 1137,
     1141, 1140, 1143, 1143, 1142, 1141, 1145, 1144, 1147, 1147, 1146, 1145, 1149, 1148, 1151, 1151, 1150, 1149,
     1153, 1152, 1155, 1155, 1154, 1153, 1157, 1156, 1159, 1159, 1158, 1157, 1161, 1160, 1163, 1163, 1162, 1161,
     1165, 1164, 1167, 1167, 1166, 1165, 1169, 1168, 1171, 1171, 1170, 1169, 1173, 1172, 1175, 1175, 1174, 1173,
     1177, 1176, 1179, 1179, 1178, 1177, 1181, 1180, 1183, 1183, 1182, 1181, 1185, 1184, 1187, 1187, 1186, 1185,
     1189, 1188, 1191, 1191, 1190, 1189, 1193, 1192, 1195, 1195, 1194, 1193, 1197, 1196, 1199, 1199, 1198, 1197,
     1201, 1200, 1203, 1203, 1202, 1201, 1205, 1204, 1207, 1207, 1206, 1205, 1209, 1208, 1211, 1211, 1210, 1209,
     1213, 1212, 1215, 1215, 1214, 1213, 1217, 1216, 1219, 1219, 1218, 1217, 1221, 1220, 1223, 1223, 1222, 1221,
     1225, 1224, 1227, 1227, 1226, 1225, 1229, 1228, 1231, 1231, 1230, 1229, 1233, 1232, 1235, 1235, 1234, 1233,
     1237, 1236, 1239, 1239, 1238, 1237, 1241, 1240, 1243, 1243, 1242, 1241, 1245, 1244, 1247, 1247, 1246, 1245,
     1249, 1248, 1251, 1251, 1250, 1249, 1253, 1252, 1255, 1255, 1254, 1253, 1257, 1256, 1259, 1259, 1258, 1257,
     1261, 1260, 1263, 1263, 1262, 1261, 1265, 1264, 1267, 1267, 1266, 1265, 1269, 1268, 1271, 1271, 1270, 1269,
     1273, 1272, 1275, 1275, 1274, 1273, 1277, 1276, 1279, 1279, 1278, 1277, 1281, 1280, 1283, 1283, 1282, 1281,
     1285, 1284, 1287, 1287, 1286, 1285, 1289, 1288, 1291, 1291, 1290, 1289, 1293, 1292, 1295, 1295, 1294, 1293,
     1297, 1296, 1299, 1299, 1298, 1297, 1301, 1300, 1303, 1303, 1302, 1301, 1305, 1304, 1307, 1307, 1306, 1305,
     1309, 1308, 1311, 1311, 1310, 1309, 1313, 1312, 1315, 1315, 1314, 1313, 1317, 1316, 1319, 1319, 1318, 1317,
     1321, 1320, 1323, 1323, 1322, 1321, 1325, 1324, 1327, 1327, 1326, 1325, 1329, 1328, 1331, 1331, 1330, 1329,
     1333, 1332, 1335, 1335, 1334, 1333, 1337, 1336, 1339, 1339, 1338, 1337, 1341, 1340, 1343, 1343, 1342, 1341,
     1345, 1344, 1347, 1347, 1346, 1345, 1349, 1348, 1351, 1351, 1350, 1349, 1353, 1352, 1355, 1355, 1354, 1353,
     1357, 1356, 1359, 1359, 1358, 1357, 1361, 1360, 1363, 1363, 1362, 1361, 1365, 1364, 1367, 1367, 1366, 1365,
     1369, 1368, 1371, 1371, 1370, 1369, 1373, 1372, 1375, 1375, 1374, 1373, 1377, 1376, 1379, 1379, 1378, 1377,
     1381, 1380, 1383, 1383, 1382, 1381, 1385, 1384, 1387, 1387, 1386, 1385, 1389, 1388, 1391, 1391, 1390, 1389,
     1393, 1392, 1395, 1395, 1394, 1393, 1397, 1396, 1399, 1399, 1398, 1397, 1401, 1400, 1403, 1403, 1402, 1401,
     1405, 1404, 1407, 1407, 1406, 1405, 1409, 1408, 1411, 1411, 1410, 1409, 1413, 1412, 1415, 1415, 1414, 1413,
     1417, 1416, 1419, 1419, 1418, 1417, 1421, 1420, 1423, 1423, 1422, 1421, 1425, 1424, 1427, 1427, 1426, 1425,
     1429, 1428, 1431, 1431, 1430, 1429, 1433, 1432, 1435, 1435, 1434, 1433, 1437, 1436, 1439, 1439, 1438, 1437,
     1441, 1440, 1443, 1443, 1442, 1441, 1445, 1444, 1447, 1447, 1446, 1445, 1449, 1448, 1451, 1451, 1450, 1449,
     1453, 1452, 1455, 1455, 1454, 1453, 1457, 1456, 1459, 1459, 1458, 1457, 1461, 1460, 1463, 1463, 1462, 1461,
     1465, 1464, 1467, 1467, 1466, 1465, 1469, 1468, 1471, 1471, 1470, 1469, 1473, 1472, 1475, 1475, 1474, 1473,
     1477, 1476, 1479, 1479, 1478, 1477, 1481, 1480, 1483, 1483, 1482, 1481, 1485, 1484, 1487, 1487, 1486, 1485,
     1489, 1488, 1491, 1491, 1490, 1489, 1493, 1492, 1495, 1495, 1494, 1493, 1497, 1496, 1499, 1499, 1498, 1497,
     1501, 1500, 1503, 1503, 1502, 1501, 1505, 1504, 1507, 1507, 1506, 1505, 1509, 1508, 1511, 1511, 1510, 1509,
     1513, 1512, 1515, 1515, 1514, 1513, 1517, 1516, 1519, 1519, 1518, 1517, 1521, 1520, 1523, 1523, 1522, 1521,
     1525, 1524, 1527, 1527, 1526, 1525, 1529, 1528, 1531, 1531, 1530, 1529, 1533, 1532, 1535, 1535, 1534, 1533,
     1537, 1536, 1539, 1539, 1538, 1537, 1541, 1540, 1543, 1543, 1542, 1541, 1545, 1544, 1547, 1547, 1546, 1545,
     1549, 1548, 1551, 1551, 1550, 1549, 1553, 1552, 1555, 1555, 1554, 1553, 1557, 1556, 1559, 1559, 1558, 1557,
     1561, 1560, 1563, 1563, 1562, 1561, 1565, 1564, 1567, 1567, 1566, 1565, 1569, 1568, 1571, 1571, 1570, 1569,
     1573, 1572, 1575, 1575, 1574, 1573, 1577, 1576, 1579, 1579, 1578, 1577, 1581, 1580, 1583, 1583, 1582, 1581,
     1585, 1584, 1587, 1587, 1586, 1585, 1589, 1588, 1591, 1591, 1590, 1589, 1593, 1592, 1595, 1595, 1594, 1593,
     1597, 1596, 1599, 1599, 1598, 1597, 1601, 1600, 1603, 1603, 1602, 1601, 1605, 1604, 1607, 1607, 1606, 1605,
     1609, 1608, 1611, 1611, 1610, 1609, 1613, 1612, 1615, 1615, 1614, 1613, 1617, 1616, 1619, 1619, 1618, 1617,
     1621, 1620, 1623, 1623, 1622, 1621, 1625, 1624, 1627, 1627, 1626, 1625, 1629, 1628, 1631, 1631, 1630, 1629,
     1633, 1632, 1635, 1635, 1634, 1633, 1637, 1636, 1639, 1639, 1638, 1637, 1641, 1640, 1643, 1643, 1642, 1641,
     1645, 1644, 1647, 1647, 1646, 1645, 1649, 1648, 1651, 1651, 1650, 1649, 1653, 1652, 1655, 1655, 1654, 1653,
     1657, 1656, 1659, 1659, 1658, 1657, 1661, 1660, 1663, 1663, 1662, 1661, 1665, 1664, 1667, 1667, 1666, 1665,
     1669, 1668, 1671, 1671, 1670, 1669, 1673, 1672, 1675, 1675, 1674, 1673, 1677, 1676, 1679, 1679, 1678, 1677,
     1681, 1680, 1683, 1683, 1682, 1681, 1685, 1684, 1687, 1687, 1686, 1685, 1689, 1688, 1691, 1691, 1690, 1689,
     1693, 1692, 1695, 1695, 1694, 1693, 1697, 1696, 1699, 1699, 1698, 1697, 1701, 1700, 1703, 1703, 1702, 1701,
     1705, 1704, 1707, 1707, 1706, 1705, 1709, 1708, 1711, 1711, 1710, 1709, 1713, 1712, 1715, 1715, 1714, 1713,
     1717, 1716, 1719, 1719, 1718, 1717, 1721, 1720, 1723, 1723, 1722, 1721, 1725, 1724, 1727, 1727, 1726, 1725,
     1729, 1728, 1731, 1731, 1730, 1729, 1733, 1732, 1735, 1735, 1734, 1733, 1737, 1736, 1739, 1739, 1738, 1737,
     1741, 1740, 1743, 1743, 1742, 1741, 1745, 1744, 1747, 1747, 1746, 1745, 1749, 1748, 1751, 1751, 1750, 1749,
     1753, 1752, 1755, 1755, 1754, 1753, 1757, 1756, 1759, 1759, 1758, 1757, 1761, 1760, 1763, 1763, 1762, 1761,
     1765, 1764, 1767, 1767, 1766, 1765, 1769, 1768, 1771, 1771, 1770, 1769, 1773, 1772, 1775, 1775, 1774, 1773,
     1777, 1776, 1779, 1779, 1778, 1777, 1781, 1780, 1783, 1783, 1782, 1781, 1785, 1784, 1787, 1787, 1786, 1785,
     1789, 1788, 1791, 1791, 1790, 1789, 1793, 1792, 1795, 1795, 1794, 1793, 1797, 1796, 1799, 1799, 1798, 1797,
     1801, 1800, 1803, 1803, 1802, 1801, 1805, 1804, 1807, 1807, 1806, 1805, 1809, 1808, 1811, 1811, 1810, 1809,
     1813, 1812, 1815, 1815, 1814, 1813, 1817, 1816, 1819, 1819, 1818, 1817, 1821, 1820, 1823, 1823, 1822, 1821,
     1825, 1824, 1827, 1827, 1826, 1825, 1829, 1828, 1831, 1831, 1830, 1829, 1833, 1832, 1835, 1835, 1834, 1833,
     1837, 1836, 1839, 1839, 1838, 1837, 1841, 1840, 1843, 1843, 1842, 1841, 1845, 1844, 1847, 1847, 1846, 1845,
     1849, 1848, 1851, 1851, 1850, 1849, 1853, 1852, 1855, 1855, 1854, 1853, 1857, 1856, 1859, 1859, 1858, 1857,
     1861, 1860, 1863, 1863, 1862, 1861, 1865, 1864, 1867, 1867, 1866, 1865, 1869, 1868, 1871, 1871, 1870, 1869,
     1873, 1872, 1875, 1875, 1874, 1873, 1877, 1876, 1879, 1879, 1878, 1877, 1881, 1880, 1883, 1883, 1882, 1881,
     1885, 1884, 1887, 1887, 1886, 1885, 1889, 1888, 1891, 1891, 1890, 1889, 1893, 1892, 1895, 1895, 1894, 1893,
     1897, 1896, 1899, 1899, 1898, 1897, 1901, 1900, 1903, 1903, 1902, 1901, 1905, 1904, 1907, 1907, 1906, 1905,
     1909, 1908, 1911, 1911, 1910, 1909, 1913, 1912, 1915, 1915, 1914, 1913, 1917, 1916, 1919, 1919, 1918, 1917,
     1921, 1920, 1923, 1923, 1922, 1921, 1925, 1924, 1927, 1927, 1926, 1925, 1929, 1928, 1931, 1931, 1930, 1929,
     1933, 1932, 1935, 1935, 1934, 1933, 1937, 1936, 1939, 1939, 1938, 1937, 1941, 1940, 1943, 1943, 1942, 1941,
     1945, 1944, 1947, 1947, 1946, 1945, 1949, 1948, 1951, 1951, 1950, 1949, 1953, 1952, 1955, 1955, 1954, 1953,
     1957, 1956, 1959, 1959, 1958, 1957, 1961, 1960, 1963, 1963, 1962, 1961, 1965, 1964, 1967, 1967, 1966, 1965,
     1969, 1968, 1971, 1971, 1970, 1969, 1973, 1972, 1975, 1975, 1974, 1973, 1977, 1976, 1979, 1979, 1978, 1977,
     1981, 1980, 1983, 1983, 1982, 1981, 1985, 1984, 1987, 1987, 1986, 1985, 1989, 1988, 1991, 1991, 1990, 1989,
     1993, 1992, 1995, 1995, 1994, 1993, 1997, 1996, 1999, 1999, 1998, 1997, 2001, 2000, 2003, 2003, 2002, 2001,
     2005, 2004, 2007, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2009, 2008, 2011, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2013, 2012, 2015, 2015, 2014, 2013,
     2017, 2016, 2019, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2021, 2020, 2023, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2025, 2024, 2027, 2027, 2026, 2025,
     2029, 2028, 2031, 2031, 2030, 2029, 2033, 2032, 2035, 2035, 2034, 2033, 2037, 2036, 2039, 2039, 2038, 2037,
     2041, 2040, 2043, 2043, 2042, 2041, 2045, 2044, 2047, 2047, 2046, 2045
};

template <typename T>
T align(T value, int bytes)
{
    return (value + bytes - 1) & ~T(bytes - 1);
}

class IndexBuffer
{
public:
    IndexBuffer();
    ~IndexBuffer();

    void accomodate(int count);
    void bind();

private:
    GLuint m_buffer;
    size_t m_size;
    int m_count;
};

IndexBuffer::IndexBuffer()
{
    // The maximum number of quads we can render with 16 bit indices is 16,384.
    // But we start with 512 and grow the buffer as needed.
    m_size = sizeof(indices);
    m_count = m_size / (6 * sizeof(uint16_t));

    glGenBuffers(1, &m_buffer);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_buffer);
    glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
}

IndexBuffer::~IndexBuffer()
{
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &m_buffer);
}

void IndexBuffer::accomodate(int count)
{
    // Check if we need to grow the buffer.
    if (count <= m_count)
        return;

    count = align(count, 128);
    size_t size = 6 * sizeof(uint16_t) * count;

    // Create a new buffer object
    GLuint buffer;
    glGenBuffers(1, &buffer);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);
    glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, nullptr, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    // Use the GPU to copy the data from the old object to the new object,
    glBindBuffer(GL_COPY_READ_BUFFER, m_buffer);
    glCopyBufferSubData(GL_COPY_READ_BUFFER, GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, 0, m_size);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &m_buffer);
    glFlush(); // Needed to work around what appears to be a CP DMA issue in r600g

    // Map the new object and fill in the uninitialized section
    const GLbitfield access = GL_MAP_WRITE_BIT | GL_MAP_UNSYNCHRONIZED_BIT | GL_MAP_INVALIDATE_RANGE_BIT;
    uint16_t *map = (uint16_t *) glMapBufferRange(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_size, size - m_size, access);

    const uint16_t index[] = { 1, 0, 3, 3, 2, 1 };
    for (int i = m_count; i < count; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 6; j++)
            *(map++) = i * 4 + index[j];
    }

    glUnmapBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER);
    m_buffer = buffer;
    m_count = count;
    m_size = size;
}

void IndexBuffer::bind()
{
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_buffer);
}



// ------------------------------------------------------------------


class BitRef
{
public:
    BitRef(uint32_t &bitfield, int bit) : m_bitfield(bitfield), m_mask(1 << bit) {}

    void operator = (bool val) {
        if (val)
            m_bitfield |= m_mask;
        else
            m_bitfield &= ~m_mask;
    }

    operator bool () const { return m_bitfield & m_mask; }

private:
    uint32_t &m_bitfield;
    int const m_mask;
};


// ------------------------------------------------------------------


class Bitfield
{
public:
    Bitfield() : m_bitfield(0) {}
    Bitfield(uint32_t bits) : m_bitfield(bits) {}

    void set(int i) { m_bitfield |= (1 << i); }
    void clear(int i) { m_bitfield &= ~(1 << i); }

    BitRef operator [] (int i) { return BitRef(m_bitfield, i); }
    operator uint32_t () const { return m_bitfield; }

private:
    uint32_t m_bitfield;
};


// ------------------------------------------------------------------


class BitfieldIterator
{
public:
    BitfieldIterator(uint32_t bitfield) : m_bitfield(bitfield) {}

    bool hasNext() const { return m_bitfield != 0; }

    int next() {
        const int bit = ffs(m_bitfield) - 1;
        m_bitfield ^= (1 << bit);
        return bit;
    }

private:
    uint32_t m_bitfield;
};



// ------------------------------------------------------------------



struct VertexAttrib
{
    int size;
    GLenum type;
    int offset;
};


// ------------------------------------------------------------------



struct BufferFence
{
    GLsync sync;
    intptr_t nextEnd;

    bool signaled() const
    {
        GLint value;
        glGetSynciv(sync, GL_SYNC_STATUS, 1, nullptr, &value);
        return value == GL_SIGNALED;
    }
};


static void deleteAll(std::deque<BufferFence> &fences)
{
    for (const BufferFence &fence : fences)
        glDeleteSync(fence.sync);

    fences.clear();
}



// ------------------------------------------------------------------



template <size_t Count>
struct FrameSizesArray
{
public:
    FrameSizesArray() {
        m_array.fill(0);
    }

    void push(size_t size) {
        m_array[m_index] = size;
        m_index = (m_index + 1) % Count;
    }

    size_t average() const {
        size_t sum = 0;
        for (size_t size : m_array)
            sum += size;
        return sum / Count;
    }

private:
    std::array<size_t, Count> m_array;
    int m_index = 0;
};



//*********************************
// GLVertexBufferPrivate
//*********************************
class GLVertexBufferPrivate
{
public:
    GLVertexBufferPrivate(GLVertexBuffer::UsageHint usageHint)
        : vertexCount(0)
        , persistent(false)
        , useColor(false)
        , color(0, 0, 0, 255)
        , bufferSize(0)
        , bufferEnd(0)
        , mappedSize(0)
        , frameSize(0)
        , nextOffset(0)
        , baseAddress(0)
        , map(nullptr)
    {
        glGenBuffers(1, &buffer);

        switch(usageHint) {
        case GLVertexBuffer::Dynamic:
            usage = GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW;
            break;
        case GLVertexBuffer::Static:
            usage = GL_STATIC_DRAW;
            break;
        default:
            usage = GL_STREAM_DRAW;
            break;
        }
    }

    ~GLVertexBufferPrivate() {
        deleteAll(fences);

        if (buffer != 0) {
            glDeleteBuffers(1, &buffer);
            map = nullptr;
        }
    }

    void interleaveArrays(float *array, int dim, const float *vertices, const float *texcoords, int count);
    void bindArrays();
    void unbindArrays();
    void reallocateBuffer(size_t size);
    GLvoid *mapNextFreeRange(size_t size);
    void reallocatePersistentBuffer(size_t size);
    bool awaitFence(intptr_t offset);
    GLvoid *getIdleRange(size_t size);

    GLuint buffer;
    GLenum usage;
    int stride;
    int vertexCount;
    static GLVertexBuffer *streamingBuffer;
    static bool haveBufferStorage;
    static bool haveSyncFences;
    static bool hasMapBufferRange;
    static bool supportsIndexedQuads;
    QByteArray dataStore;
    bool persistent;
    bool useColor;
    QVector4D color;
    size_t bufferSize;
    intptr_t bufferEnd;
    size_t mappedSize;
    size_t frameSize;
    intptr_t nextOffset;
    intptr_t baseAddress;
    uint8_t *map;
    std::deque<BufferFence> fences;
    FrameSizesArray<4> frameSizes;
    VertexAttrib attrib[VertexAttributeCount];
    Bitfield enabledArrays;
    static IndexBuffer *s_indexBuffer;
};

bool GLVertexBufferPrivate::hasMapBufferRange = false;
bool GLVertexBufferPrivate::supportsIndexedQuads = false;
GLVertexBuffer *GLVertexBufferPrivate::streamingBuffer = nullptr;
bool GLVertexBufferPrivate::haveBufferStorage = false;
bool GLVertexBufferPrivate::haveSyncFences = false;
IndexBuffer *GLVertexBufferPrivate::s_indexBuffer = nullptr;

void GLVertexBufferPrivate::interleaveArrays(float *dst, int dim,
                                             const float *vertices, const float *texcoords,
                                             int count)
{
    if (!texcoords) {
        memcpy((void *) dst, vertices, dim * sizeof(float) * count);
        return;
    }

    switch (dim)
    {
    case 2:
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            *(dst++) = *(vertices++);
            *(dst++) = *(vertices++);
            *(dst++) = *(texcoords++);
            *(dst++) = *(texcoords++);
        }
        break;

    case 3:
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            *(dst++) = *(vertices++);
            *(dst++) = *(vertices++);
            *(dst++) = *(vertices++);
            *(dst++) = *(texcoords++);
            *(dst++) = *(texcoords++);
        }
        break;

    default:
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < dim; j++)
                *(dst++) = *(vertices++);

            *(dst++) = *(texcoords++);
            *(dst++) = *(texcoords++);
        }
    }
}

void GLVertexBufferPrivate::bindArrays()
{
    if (useColor) {
        GLShader *shader = ShaderManager::instance()->getBoundShader();
        shader->setUniform(GLShader::Color, color);
    }

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);

    BitfieldIterator it(enabledArrays);
    while (it.hasNext()) {
        const int index = it.next();
        glVertexAttribPointer(index, attrib[index].size, attrib[index].type, GL_FALSE, stride,
                                (const GLvoid *) (baseAddress + attrib[index].offset));
        glEnableVertexAttribArray(index);
    }
}

void GLVertexBufferPrivate::unbindArrays()
{
    BitfieldIterator it(enabledArrays);
    while (it.hasNext())
        glDisableVertexAttribArray(it.next());
}

void GLVertexBufferPrivate::reallocatePersistentBuffer(size_t size)
{
    if (buffer != 0) {
        // This also unmaps and unbinds the buffer
        glDeleteBuffers(1, &buffer);
        buffer = 0;

        deleteAll(fences);
    }

    if (buffer == 0)
        glGenBuffers(1, &buffer);

    // Round the size up to 64 kb
    size_t minSize = qMax<size_t>(frameSizes.average() * 3, 128 * 1024);
    bufferSize = align(qMax(size, minSize), 64 * 1024);

    const GLbitfield storage = GL_DYNAMIC_STORAGE_BIT;
    const GLbitfield access = GL_MAP_WRITE_BIT | GL_MAP_PERSISTENT_BIT | GL_MAP_COHERENT_BIT;

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);
    glBufferStorage(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferSize, nullptr, storage | access);

    map = (uint8_t *) glMapBufferRange(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, bufferSize, access);

    nextOffset = 0;
    bufferEnd = bufferSize;
}

bool GLVertexBufferPrivate::awaitFence(intptr_t end)
{
    // Skip fences until we reach the end offset
    while (!fences.empty() && fences.front().nextEnd < end) {
        glDeleteSync(fences.front().sync);
        fences.pop_front();
    }

    assert(!fences.empty());

    // Wait on the next fence
    const BufferFence &fence = fences.front();

    if (!fence.signaled()) {
        qCDebug(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Stalling on VBO fence";
        const GLenum ret = glClientWaitSync(fence.sync, GL_SYNC_FLUSH_COMMANDS_BIT, 1000000000);

        if (ret == GL_TIMEOUT_EXPIRED || ret == GL_WAIT_FAILED) {
            qCCritical(LIBKWINGLUTILS) << "Wait failed";
            return false;
        }
    }

    glDeleteSync(fence.sync);

    // Update the end pointer
    bufferEnd = fence.nextEnd;
    fences.pop_front();

    return true;
}

GLvoid *GLVertexBufferPrivate::getIdleRange(size_t size)
{
    if (unlikely(size > bufferSize))
        reallocatePersistentBuffer(size * 2);

    // Handle wrap-around
    if (unlikely(nextOffset + size > bufferSize)) {
        nextOffset = 0;
        bufferEnd -= bufferSize;

        for (BufferFence &fence : fences)
            fence.nextEnd -= bufferSize;

        // Emit a fence now
        BufferFence fence;
        fence.sync = glFenceSync(GL_SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE, 0);
        fence.nextEnd = bufferSize;
        fences.emplace_back(fence);
    }

    if (unlikely(nextOffset + intptr_t(size) > bufferEnd)) {
        if (!awaitFence(nextOffset + size))
            return nullptr;
    }

    return map + nextOffset;
}

void GLVertexBufferPrivate::reallocateBuffer(size_t size)
{
    // Round the size up to 4 Kb for streaming/dynamic buffers.
    const size_t minSize = 32768; // Minimum size for streaming buffers
    const size_t alloc = usage != GL_STATIC_DRAW ? align(qMax(size, minSize), 4096) : size;

    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, alloc, 0, usage);

    bufferSize = alloc;
}

GLvoid *GLVertexBufferPrivate::mapNextFreeRange(size_t size)
{
    GLbitfield access = GL_MAP_WRITE_BIT | GL_MAP_INVALIDATE_RANGE_BIT | GL_MAP_UNSYNCHRONIZED_BIT;

    if ((nextOffset + size) > bufferSize) {
        // Reallocate the data store if it's too small.
        if (size > bufferSize) {
            reallocateBuffer(size);
        } else {
            access |= GL_MAP_INVALIDATE_BUFFER_BIT;
            access ^= GL_MAP_UNSYNCHRONIZED_BIT;
        }

        nextOffset = 0;
    }

    return glMapBufferRange(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, nextOffset, size, access);
}


//*********************************
// GLVertexBuffer
//*********************************
QSize GLVertexBuffer::s_virtualScreenSize;

GLVertexBuffer::GLVertexBuffer(UsageHint hint)
    : d(new GLVertexBufferPrivate(hint))
{
}

GLVertexBuffer::~GLVertexBuffer()
{
    delete d;
}

void GLVertexBuffer::setData(const void *data, size_t size)
{
    GLvoid *ptr = map(size);
    memcpy(ptr, data, size);
    unmap();
}

void GLVertexBuffer::setData(int vertexCount, int dim, const float* vertices, const float* texcoords)
{
    const GLVertexAttrib layout[] = {
        { VA_Position, dim, GL_FLOAT, 0                        },
        { VA_TexCoord, 2,   GL_FLOAT, int(dim * sizeof(float)) }
    };

    int stride       = (texcoords ? dim + 2 : dim) * sizeof(float);
    int attribCount  = texcoords ? 2 : 1;

    setAttribLayout(layout, attribCount, stride);
    setVertexCount(vertexCount);

    GLvoid *ptr = map(vertexCount * stride);
    d->interleaveArrays((float *) ptr, dim, vertices, texcoords, vertexCount);
    unmap();
}

GLvoid *GLVertexBuffer::map(size_t size)
{
    d->mappedSize = size;
    d->frameSize += size;

    if (d->persistent)
        return d->getIdleRange(size);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, d->buffer);

    bool preferBufferSubData = GLPlatform::instance()->preferBufferSubData();

    if (GLVertexBufferPrivate::hasMapBufferRange && !preferBufferSubData)
        return (GLvoid *) d->mapNextFreeRange(size);

    // If we can't map the buffer we allocate local memory to hold the
    // buffer data and return a pointer to it.  The data will be submitted
    // to the actual buffer object when the user calls unmap().
    if (size_t(d->dataStore.size()) < size)
        d->dataStore.resize(size);

    return (GLvoid *) d->dataStore.data();
}

void GLVertexBuffer::unmap()
{
    if (d->persistent) {
        d->baseAddress = d->nextOffset;
        d->nextOffset += align(d->mappedSize, 16); // Align to 16 bytes for SSE
        d->mappedSize = 0;
        return;
    }

    bool preferBufferSubData = GLPlatform::instance()->preferBufferSubData();

    if (GLVertexBufferPrivate::hasMapBufferRange && !preferBufferSubData) {
        glUnmapBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER);

        d->baseAddress = d->nextOffset;
        d->nextOffset += align(d->mappedSize, 16); // Align to 16 bytes for SSE
    } else {
        // Upload the data from local memory to the buffer object
        if (preferBufferSubData) {
            if ((d->nextOffset + d->mappedSize) > d->bufferSize) {
                d->reallocateBuffer(d->mappedSize);
                d->nextOffset = 0;
            }

            glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, d->nextOffset, d->mappedSize, d->dataStore.constData());

            d->baseAddress = d->nextOffset;
            d->nextOffset += align(d->mappedSize, 16); // Align to 16 bytes for SSE
        } else {
            glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, d->mappedSize, d->dataStore.data(), d->usage);
            d->baseAddress = 0;
        }

        // Free the local memory buffer if it's unlikely to be used again
        if (d->usage == GL_STATIC_DRAW)
            d->dataStore = QByteArray();

    }

    d->mappedSize = 0;
}

void GLVertexBuffer::setVertexCount(int count)
{
    d->vertexCount = count;
}

void GLVertexBuffer::setAttribLayout(const GLVertexAttrib *attribs, int count, int stride)
{
    // Start by disabling all arrays
    d->enabledArrays = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        const int index = attribs[i].index;

        assert(index >= 0 && index < VertexAttributeCount);
        assert(!d->enabledArrays[index]);

        d->attrib[index].size   = attribs[i].size;
        d->attrib[index].type   = attribs[i].type;
        d->attrib[index].offset = attribs[i].relativeOffset;

        d->enabledArrays[index] = true;
    }

    d->stride = stride;
}

void GLVertexBuffer::render(GLenum primitiveMode)
{
    render(infiniteRegion(), primitiveMode, false);
}

void GLVertexBuffer::render(const QRegion& region, GLenum primitiveMode, bool hardwareClipping)
{
    d->bindArrays();
    draw(region, primitiveMode, 0, d->vertexCount, hardwareClipping);
    d->unbindArrays();
}

void GLVertexBuffer::bindArrays()
{
    d->bindArrays();
}

void GLVertexBuffer::unbindArrays()
{
    d->unbindArrays();
}

void GLVertexBuffer::draw(GLenum primitiveMode, int first, int count)
{
    draw(infiniteRegion(), primitiveMode, first, count, false);
}

void GLVertexBuffer::draw(const QRegion &region, GLenum primitiveMode, int first, int count, bool hardwareClipping)
{
    if (primitiveMode == GL_QUADS) {
        IndexBuffer *&indexBuffer = GLVertexBufferPrivate::s_indexBuffer;

        if (!indexBuffer)
            indexBuffer = new IndexBuffer;

        indexBuffer->bind();
        indexBuffer->accomodate(count / 4);

        count = count * 6 / 4;

        if (!hardwareClipping) {
            glDrawElementsBaseVertex(GL_TRIANGLES, count, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, nullptr, first);
        } else {
            // Clip using scissoring
            foreach (const QRect &r, region.rects()) {
                glScissor(r.x(), s_virtualScreenSize.height() - r.y() - r.height(), r.width(), r.height());
                glDrawElementsBaseVertex(GL_TRIANGLES, count, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, nullptr, first);
            }
        }
        return;
    }

    if (!hardwareClipping) {
        glDrawArrays(primitiveMode, first, count);
    } else {
        // Clip using scissoring
        foreach (const QRect &r, region.rects()) {
            glScissor(r.x(), s_virtualScreenSize.height() - r.y() - r.height(), r.width(), r.height());
            glDrawArrays(primitiveMode, first, count);
        }
    }
}

bool GLVertexBuffer::supportsIndexedQuads()
{
    return GLVertexBufferPrivate::supportsIndexedQuads;
}

bool GLVertexBuffer::isUseColor() const
{
    return d->useColor;
}

void GLVertexBuffer::setUseColor(bool enable)
{
    d->useColor = enable;
}

void GLVertexBuffer::setColor(const QColor& color, bool enable)
{
    d->useColor = enable;
    d->color = QVector4D(color.redF(), color.greenF(), color.blueF(), color.alphaF());
}

void GLVertexBuffer::reset()
{
    d->useColor       = false;
    d->color          = QVector4D(0, 0, 0, 1);
    d->vertexCount    = 0;
}

void GLVertexBuffer::endOfFrame()
{
    if (!d->persistent)
        return;

    // Emit a fence if we have uploaded data
    if (d->frameSize > 0) {
        d->frameSizes.push(d->frameSize);
        d->frameSize = 0;

        // Force the buffer to be reallocated at the beginning of the next frame
        // if the average frame size is greater than half the size of the buffer
        if (unlikely(d->frameSizes.average() > d->bufferSize / 2)) {
            deleteAll(d->fences);
            glDeleteBuffers(1, &d->buffer);

            d->buffer = 0;
            d->bufferSize = 0;
            d->nextOffset = 0;
            d->map = nullptr;
        } else {
            BufferFence fence;
            fence.sync = glFenceSync(GL_SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE, 0);
            fence.nextEnd = d->nextOffset + d->bufferSize;

            d->fences.emplace_back(fence);
        }
    }
}

void GLVertexBuffer::framePosted()
{
    if (!d->persistent)
        return;

    // Remove finished fences from the list and update the bufferEnd offset
    while (d->fences.size() > 1 && d->fences.front().signaled()) {
        const BufferFence &fence = d->fences.front();
        glDeleteSync(fence.sync);

        d->bufferEnd = fence.nextEnd;
        d->fences.pop_front();
    }
}

void GLVertexBuffer::initStatic()
{
    if (GLPlatform::instance()->isGLES()) {
        bool haveBaseVertex     = hasGLExtension(QByteArrayLiteral("GL_OES_draw_elements_base_vertex"));
        bool haveCopyBuffer     = hasGLVersion(3, 0);
        bool haveMapBufferRange = hasGLExtension(QByteArrayLiteral("GL_EXT_map_buffer_range"));

        GLVertexBufferPrivate::hasMapBufferRange = haveMapBufferRange;
        GLVertexBufferPrivate::supportsIndexedQuads = haveBaseVertex && haveCopyBuffer && haveMapBufferRange;
        GLVertexBufferPrivate::haveBufferStorage = hasGLExtension("GL_EXT_buffer_storage");
        GLVertexBufferPrivate::haveSyncFences = hasGLVersion(3, 0);
    } else {
        bool haveBaseVertex     = hasGLVersion(3, 2) || hasGLExtension(QByteArrayLiteral("GL_ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex"));
        bool haveCopyBuffer     = hasGLVersion(3, 1) || hasGLExtension(QByteArrayLiteral("GL_ARB_copy_buffer"));
        bool haveMapBufferRange = hasGLVersion(3, 0) || hasGLExtension(QByteArrayLiteral("GL_ARB_map_buffer_range"));

        GLVertexBufferPrivate::hasMapBufferRange = haveMapBufferRange;
        GLVertexBufferPrivate::supportsIndexedQuads = haveBaseVertex && haveCopyBuffer && haveMapBufferRange;
        GLVertexBufferPrivate::haveBufferStorage = hasGLVersion(4, 4) || hasGLExtension("GL_ARB_buffer_storage");
        GLVertexBufferPrivate::haveSyncFences = hasGLVersion(3, 2) || hasGLExtension("GL_ARB_sync");
    }
    GLVertexBufferPrivate::s_indexBuffer = nullptr;
    GLVertexBufferPrivate::streamingBuffer = new GLVertexBuffer(GLVertexBuffer::Stream);

    if (GLVertexBufferPrivate::haveBufferStorage && GLVertexBufferPrivate::haveSyncFences) {
        if (qgetenv("KWIN_PERSISTENT_VBO") != QByteArrayLiteral("0")) {
            GLVertexBufferPrivate::streamingBuffer->d->persistent = true;
        }
    }
}

void GLVertexBuffer::cleanup()
{
    delete GLVertexBufferPrivate::s_indexBuffer;
    GLVertexBufferPrivate::s_indexBuffer = nullptr;
    GLVertexBufferPrivate::hasMapBufferRange = false;
    GLVertexBufferPrivate::supportsIndexedQuads = false;
    delete GLVertexBufferPrivate::streamingBuffer;
    GLVertexBufferPrivate::streamingBuffer = nullptr;
}

GLVertexBuffer *GLVertexBuffer::streamingBuffer()
{
    return GLVertexBufferPrivate::streamingBuffer;
}

} // namespace